{"id":18074,"date":"2017-09-20T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2017-09-20T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cadca1stg.wpengine.com\/2017\/09\/20\/smoking-and-surgery-what-you-need-to-know\/"},"modified":"2024-04-24T19:30:46","modified_gmt":"2024-04-24T19:30:46","slug":"smoking-and-surgery-what-you-need-to-know","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.cadca.org\/pt\/public-health\/smoking-and-surgery-what-you-need-to-know\/","title":{"rendered":"Tabagismo e cirurgia: o que voc\u00ea precisa saber"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Tobacco use kills approximately five million people annually around the globe. Here in the United States, tobacco use kills 480,000 Americans each year.\u00a0 The harmful effects of smoking on many systems of the human body are well known and have been widely published. Tobacco use is the leading cause of preventable death in the United States. Smoking and tobacco use increase risk of at least 14 types of cancers, including: lung, oral, throat, bladder, liver, and kidney, among others. A smoking history is also a known risk factor for increased complications with surgery. The nicotine and toxins from tobacco products can cause damage to and constriction of blood vessels. This can decrease the blood supply to healing tissue and increase the risk of wound breakdown, skin loss, and healing complications. While well documented that smoking traditional cigarettes causes these harmful effects, the use of electronic cigarettes, chewing tobacco, and other nicotine products can lead to such adverse health outcomes as well.<\/p>\n<p>Na cirurgia reconstrutiva a partir de um diagn\u00f3stico de cancro, fumar pode ser especialmente prejudicial, uma vez que pode atrasar a cura, bem como afectar negativamente a efic\u00e1cia de outros tratamentos contra o cancro, como a radia\u00e7\u00e3o e a quimioterapia. Fumar tamb\u00e9m pode prejudicar o resultado est\u00e9tico de uma reconstru\u00e7\u00e3o e aumentar a necessidade de mais cirurgias. Foi demonstrado que a cessa\u00e7\u00e3o do tabagismo pode resultar em <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/21295194\">uma redu\u00e7\u00e3o de 20-30 por cento<\/a> em complica\u00e7\u00f5es, mas isso varia dependendo da cirurgia.<\/p>\n<p>Na reconstru\u00e7\u00e3o do c\u00e2ncer de mama, o tabagismo tem sido estabelecido como um fator de risco para perda de pele do retalho de mastectomia, especialmente na mastectomia preservadora do mamilo (cirurgia em que o mamilo n\u00e3o \u00e9 removido). Por exemplo, uma mulher de 50 anos que apresentou c\u00e2ncer de mama rec\u00e9m-diagnosticado era uma boa candidata \u00e0 mastectomia preservadora do mamilo. A cirurgia foi coordenada com o oncologista cir\u00fargico e o cirurgi\u00e3o pl\u00e1stico para reconstru\u00e7\u00e3o. No mesmo dia da mastectomia, o cirurgi\u00e3o pl\u00e1stico colocou um expansor sob o m\u00fasculo para ajudar a recriar a bolsa mam\u00e1ria ao longo do tempo. O paciente fumava um ma\u00e7o de cigarros tradicionais por dia e n\u00e3o conseguia parar antes da cirurgia. Ela tamb\u00e9m continua fumando ap\u00f3s a cirurgia. No dia seguinte \u00e0 cirurgia, seu mamilo parece mais escuro que o normal e durante a semana seguinte morre lentamente com uma pequena quantidade de pele ao redor. Ela deve retornar \u00e0 sala de cirurgia para remover a pele morta e o mamilo. Al\u00e9m disso, o expansor de tecido deve ser removido devido \u00e0 perda e contamina\u00e7\u00e3o da pele.<\/p>\n<p>Continuar a fumar cigarros tradicionais (ou usar outros produtos do tabaco) ap\u00f3s o diagn\u00f3stico de c\u00e2ncer, o tratamento e a cirurgia reconstrutiva levaram a paciente mencionada acima \u00e0 perda do mamilo e outras complica\u00e7\u00f5es. Ela n\u00e3o apenas perdeu o mamilo desnecessariamente, mas agora tem que adiar a expans\u00e3o do tecido e a reconstru\u00e7\u00e3o final da mama. Este caso \u00e9 apenas um exemplo de como fumar pode resultar em mais cirurgias, complica\u00e7\u00f5es e resultados reconstrutivos menos aceit\u00e1veis. Alguns pacientes que continuam a fumar ou a usar produtos de tabaco ap\u00f3s cirurgia reconstrutiva relacionada ao c\u00e2ncer podem ter incis\u00f5es que n\u00e3o cicatrizam adequadamente, exigindo semanas a meses de trocas de curativos em feridas que resultam em uma cicatriz larga ou deprimida. Este cen\u00e1rio n\u00e3o retrata um paciente n\u00e3o aderente, mas mais ainda a natureza viciante da nicotina nos produtos do tabaco e a dificuldade em fazer uma tentativa bem-sucedida de parar de fumar.<\/p>\n<p>Em rela\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0 cirurgia e ao tabagismo, tem sido recomendado um per\u00edodo de cessa\u00e7\u00e3o de pelo menos quatro a seis semanas. Alguns m\u00e9dicos far\u00e3o um teste de nicotina antes da cirurgia para garantir que o paciente esteja em conformidade e que seja seguro prosseguir com a cirurgia. A cessa\u00e7\u00e3o do tabagismo n\u00e3o s\u00f3 ajudar\u00e1 a reduzir complica\u00e7\u00f5es cir\u00fargicas e a aumentar a capacidade de cicatriza\u00e7\u00e3o de feridas, mas tamb\u00e9m beneficiar\u00e1 o bem-estar geral, incluindo a sa\u00fade do cora\u00e7\u00e3o e do c\u00e9rebro. Para obter recursos e dicas sobre cessa\u00e7\u00e3o dispon\u00edveis para voc\u00ea, visite o <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/tobacco\/campaign\/tips\/quit-smoking\/guide\/\">Site Guia do CDC para parar de fumar<\/a>.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Tobacco use kills approximately five million people annually around the globe. Here in the United States, tobacco use kills 480,000<\/p>","protected":false},"author":23,"featured_media":2346,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[360],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-18074","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-public-health"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Smoking and Surgery: What You Need to Know | CADCA<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"CADCA represents over 5,000 community coalitions that involve individuals from key sectors including schools, law enforcement, youth, parents, healthcare, media, tribal communities and others\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, 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