,<\/em> sugg\u00e8rent que les l\u00e9gislateurs des \u00c9tats examinent les facteurs \u00e0 la fois au sein de leurs \u00c9tats et dans les \u00c9tats voisins lorsqu'ils envisagent de nouvelles lois sur la conduite.<\/p>\n"Bien que nous n'ayons pas trouv\u00e9 le taux global de d\u00e9c\u00e8s li\u00e9s \u00e0 la circulation pour pr\u00e9dire l'adoption de politiques, la taille de la population \u00e2g\u00e9e de 15 \u00e0 24 ans - le groupe le plus \u00e0 risque de d\u00e9c\u00e8s et de blessures dus \u00e0 la conduite avec facult\u00e9s affaiblies - \u00e9tait associ\u00e9e \u00e0 la premi\u00e8re adoption de politiques, sugg\u00e9rant que les \u00c9tats pourraient \u00eatre initialement plus r\u00e9ceptifs \u00e0 la r\u00e9glementation lorsqu'il s'agit de prot\u00e9ger les populations plus jeunes \u00bb, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 l'auteur de l'\u00e9tude Diana Silver, professeure agr\u00e9g\u00e9e de sant\u00e9 publique \u00e0 NYU Steinhardt et NYU College of Global Public Health, dans un communiqu\u00e9 de presse. "Dans le m\u00eame temps, \u00e0 l'avenir, la composition de la population de l'\u00c9tat ne pr\u00e9disait pas si les \u00c9tats adopteraient des lois ult\u00e9rieures."<\/p>\n
Des estimations r\u00e9centes sugg\u00e8rent que jusqu'\u00e0 20 000 personnes aux \u00c9tats-Unis sont tu\u00e9es chaque ann\u00e9e dans des accidents de voiture en raison d'une incapacit\u00e9 \u00e0 adopter la gamme compl\u00e8te d'approches pour am\u00e9liorer la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 des v\u00e9hicules \u00e0 moteur. Bien qu'il soit prouv\u00e9 que l'am\u00e9lioration des lois sur la conduite - qui sont r\u00e9glement\u00e9es \u00c9tat par \u00c9tat - peut am\u00e9liorer la sant\u00e9, on sait peu de choses sur les raisons pour lesquelles les \u00c9tats ont abord\u00e9 la r\u00e9glementation des lois sur la conduite de mani\u00e8res si diff\u00e9rentes.<\/p>\n
Dans l'\u00e9tude, les chercheurs ont examin\u00e9 sept lois nationales sur la conduite avec facult\u00e9s affaiblies par l'alcool adopt\u00e9es entre 1980 et 2010 : une limite de 0,08 sur la teneur en alcool dans le sang ; une interdiction des contenants d'alcool ouverts; des lois de tol\u00e9rance z\u00e9ro pour les conducteurs de moins de 21\u00a0ans\u00a0; et suspension du permis, amendes minimales, travaux d'int\u00e9r\u00eat g\u00e9n\u00e9ral obligatoires et peines de prison minimales pour conduite sous influence. Les chercheurs ont analys\u00e9 l'adoption des lois par chaque \u00c9tat de 1980 \u00e0 2010 pour identifier les facteurs pr\u00e9dictifs de l'adoption des lois pour la premi\u00e8re fois et les suivantes.<\/p>\n
Ils ont ensuite compar\u00e9 l'adoption de ces lois \u00e0 des facteurs \u00e9tatiques internes et externes. Les facteurs internes comprenaient l'environnement politique, les ressources de l'\u00c9tat, l'historique l\u00e9gislatif, les caract\u00e9ristiques de la population, le taux de ch\u00f4mage et la consommation d'alcool par personne, les taxes et les taux de mortalit\u00e9 routi\u00e8re. Les facteurs externes mesur\u00e9s \u00e9taient l'histoire de l'adoption des lois par les \u00c9tats voisins et les modifications apport\u00e9es \u00e0 la l\u00e9gislation f\u00e9d\u00e9rale.<\/p>\n
Les auteurs ont constat\u00e9 que l'adoption de lois par les \u00c9tats voisins \u00e9tait tr\u00e8s influente, tout comme l'histoire de l'\u00c9tat en mati\u00e8re d'adoption de lois ant\u00e9rieures.<\/p>\n
Les chercheurs ont constat\u00e9 une augmentation du nombre des sept lois sur la conduite avec facult\u00e9s affaiblies par l'alcool de 1980 \u00e0 2010, mais le sch\u00e9ma d'adoption pour chaque \u00c9tat variait selon la loi. Les deux seules lois adopt\u00e9es par tous les \u00c9tats (lois de tol\u00e9rance z\u00e9ro et limitation de l'alcool\u00e9mie \u00e0 moins de 0,08) ont en fait \u00e9t\u00e9 motiv\u00e9es par des mesures et des incitations f\u00e9d\u00e9rales.<\/p>\n
"\u00c0 l'heure actuelle, les \u00c9tats offrent des niveaux de protection tr\u00e8s diff\u00e9rents contre les conducteurs ivres sur la route", a not\u00e9 Silver.<\/p>\n
"Les organisations qui cherchent \u00e0 stimuler les changements de politique de l'\u00c9tat peuvent avoir besoin d'\u00e9laborer des strat\u00e9gies qui engagent des facteurs externes, tels que les \u00c9tats voisins, en plus de mobiliser les circonscriptions au sein de l'\u00c9tat", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 James Macinko, professeur de sant\u00e9 publique \u00e0 UCLA et co-auteur de l'\u00e9tude.<\/p>\n
VOIR \u00c9GALEMENT:<\/strong><\/p>\nLa nouvelle bo\u00eete \u00e0 outils de pr\u00e9vention de la conduite avec facult\u00e9s affaiblies de la CADCA<\/a><\/p>\n\u00a0<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
A new study by public health researchers at New York University\u2019s Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Human Development found<\/p>","protected":false},"author":23,"featured_media":0,"template":"","resource_type":[281],"drug_specific_issues":[313],"action_to_do":[],"class_list":["post-17762","resource","type-resource","status-publish","hentry","resource_type-coalitions-online","drug_specific_issues-impaired-driving"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n
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