{"id":18074,"date":"2017-09-20T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2017-09-20T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cadca1stg.wpengine.com\/2017\/09\/20\/smoking-and-surgery-what-you-need-to-know\/"},"modified":"2024-04-24T19:30:46","modified_gmt":"2024-04-24T19:30:46","slug":"smoking-and-surgery-what-you-need-to-know","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.cadca.org\/es\/public-health\/smoking-and-surgery-what-you-need-to-know\/","title":{"rendered":"Tabaquismo y cirug\u00eda: lo que necesita saber"},"content":{"rendered":"

El consumo de tabaco mata aproximadamente a cinco millones de personas cada a\u00f1o en todo el mundo. Aqu\u00ed en Estados Unidos, el consumo de tabaco mata a 480.000 estadounidenses cada a\u00f1o. Los efectos nocivos del tabaquismo en muchos sistemas del cuerpo humano son bien conocidos y han sido ampliamente publicados. El consumo de tabaco es la principal causa de muerte evitable en los Estados Unidos. El tabaquismo y el consumo de tabaco aumentan el riesgo de padecer al menos 14 tipos de c\u00e1nceres, entre ellos: de pulm\u00f3n, oral, de garganta, de vejiga, de h\u00edgado y de ri\u00f1\u00f3n, entre otros. Los antecedentes de tabaquismo tambi\u00e9n son un factor de riesgo conocido de mayores complicaciones con la cirug\u00eda. La nicotina y las toxinas de los productos del tabaco pueden causar da\u00f1o y constricci\u00f3n de los vasos sangu\u00edneos. Esto puede disminuir el suministro de sangre al tejido en curaci\u00f3n y aumentar el riesgo de rotura de la herida, p\u00e9rdida de piel y complicaciones en la curaci\u00f3n. Si bien est\u00e1 bien documentado que fumar cigarrillos tradicionales causa estos efectos nocivos, el uso de cigarrillos electr\u00f3nicos, tabaco de mascar y otros productos con nicotina tambi\u00e9n puede provocar resultados adversos para la salud.<\/p>\n

En la cirug\u00eda reconstructiva a partir de un diagn\u00f3stico de c\u00e1ncer, fumar puede ser especialmente da\u00f1ino ya que puede retrasar la curaci\u00f3n y afectar negativamente la eficacia de otros tratamientos contra el c\u00e1ncer, como la radiaci\u00f3n y la quimioterapia. Fumar tambi\u00e9n puede da\u00f1ar el resultado est\u00e9tico de una reconstrucci\u00f3n y aumentar la necesidad de m\u00e1s cirug\u00edas. Se ha demostrado que dejar de fumar puede resultar en una reducci\u00f3n del 20 al 30 por ciento<\/a> en complicaciones, pero esto var\u00eda dependiendo de la cirug\u00eda.<\/p>\n

En la reconstrucci\u00f3n del c\u00e1ncer de mama, el tabaquismo se ha establecido como un factor de riesgo de p\u00e9rdida de piel del colgajo de mastectom\u00eda, especialmente en la mastectom\u00eda con conservaci\u00f3n del pez\u00f3n (cirug\u00eda en la que no se extirpa el pez\u00f3n). Por ejemplo, una mujer de 50 a\u00f1os a quien se le diagnostic\u00f3 c\u00e1ncer de mama recientemente era una buena candidata para una mastectom\u00eda con conservaci\u00f3n del pez\u00f3n. La cirug\u00eda se coordin\u00f3 con el cirujano onc\u00f3logo y el cirujano pl\u00e1stico para la reconstrucci\u00f3n. El mismo d\u00eda de la mastectom\u00eda, el cirujano pl\u00e1stico coloc\u00f3 un expansor debajo del m\u00fasculo para ayudar a recrear el bolsillo del seno con el tiempo. El paciente fumaba un paquete de cigarrillos tradicionales al d\u00eda y no pod\u00eda dejar de fumar antes de la cirug\u00eda. Tambi\u00e9n sigue fumando despu\u00e9s de la cirug\u00eda. El d\u00eda despu\u00e9s de la cirug\u00eda, su pez\u00f3n luce m\u00e1s oscuro de lo normal y durante la siguiente semana muere lentamente con una peque\u00f1a cantidad de piel alrededor. Debe regresar al quir\u00f3fano para que le retiren la piel muerta y el pez\u00f3n. Adem\u00e1s, el expansor de tejido debe retirarse debido a la p\u00e9rdida y contaminaci\u00f3n de la piel.<\/p>\n

Continuar fumando cigarrillos tradicionales (o usar otros productos de tabaco) despu\u00e9s de un diagn\u00f3stico de c\u00e1ncer, tratamiento y cirug\u00eda reconstructiva llev\u00f3 a la paciente mencionada anteriormente a perder el pez\u00f3n y otras complicaciones. No s\u00f3lo perdi\u00f3 su pez\u00f3n innecesariamente, sino que ahora tiene que retrasar la expansi\u00f3n del tejido y la reconstrucci\u00f3n mamaria final. Este caso es s\u00f3lo un ejemplo de c\u00f3mo fumar puede provocar m\u00e1s cirug\u00edas, complicaciones y resultados reconstructivos menos aceptables. Algunos pacientes que contin\u00faan fumando o usando productos de tabaco despu\u00e9s de una cirug\u00eda reconstructiva relacionada con el c\u00e1ncer pueden tener incisiones que no cicatrizan adecuadamente, lo que requiere semanas o meses de cambios de vendaje en las heridas que resultan en una cicatriz ancha o deprimida. Este escenario no muestra la imagen de un paciente que no cumple, sino m\u00e1s bien la naturaleza adictiva de la nicotina en los productos de tabaco y la dificultad para intentar dejar de fumar con \u00e9xito.<\/p>\n

En cuanto a la cirug\u00eda y el tabaquismo, se ha recomendado un periodo de abandono de al menos cuatro a seis semanas. Algunos m\u00e9dicos realizar\u00e1n una prueba de nicotina antes de la cirug\u00eda para garantizar que el paciente haya cumplido y que sea seguro continuar con la cirug\u00eda. Dejar de fumar no s\u00f3lo ayudar\u00e1 a reducir las complicaciones quir\u00fargicas y aumentar la capacidad de curaci\u00f3n de las heridas, sino que tambi\u00e9n beneficiar\u00e1 el bienestar general, incluida la salud del coraz\u00f3n y el cerebro. Para obtener recursos y consejos para dejar de fumar disponibles para usted, visite el Sitio web de la Gu\u00eda de los CDC para dejar de fumar<\/a>.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Tobacco use kills approximately five million people annually around the globe. Here in the United States, tobacco use kills 480,000<\/p>","protected":false},"author":23,"featured_media":2346,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[360],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-18074","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-public-health"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nSmoking and Surgery: What You Need to Know | CADCA<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"CADCA represents over 5,000 community coalitions that involve individuals from key sectors including schools, law enforcement, youth, parents, healthcare, media, tribal communities and others\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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