A study by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) for the first time provides insight on substance use initiation patterns among the one in every five full-time college students (ages 18 to 22) using illicit or potentially harmful substances. The study, which tracks initiation by month, shows the peak times for the initiation of substances including alcohol, marijuana, and inhalants.
For example, combined 2002 to 2013 data from SAMHSA’s National Survey on Drug Use and Health find that 383,000 full-time college students used marijuana for the first time in the past year – which averages out to about 1,000 new marijuana users each day. However, in June the level peaks at about 1,500 full-time college student marijuana initiates a day.
Similarly, 450,000 underage full-time college students (aged 18 to 20) started drinking in the past year – about 1,200 a day on average throughout the year. Underage drinking initiation peaks among full-time college students in June with an average of 1,883 underage college students starting to drink each day.
However, winter seems to be the peak season for full-time college students to start using prescription drugs, such as pain relievers and stimulants, in non-medical ways. Approximately 251,000 full-time college students started the non-medical use of pain relievers in the past year – on average 700 initiates a day. During December, however, this rate rises to 850 initiates a day.
Non-medical use of stimulant medication is also at its peak in November, December, and April. Each year about 137,000 full-time college students start using prescription stimulants non-medically (400 on an average day). During November, December, and April the average daily initiation rate climbs to above 500 (peaking at 585 in November).
Although the report is not designed to determine the cause behind the trends in initiation, the rise in the initiation of non-medical use of prescription stimulants coincides with the times of the year that many college final exams and midterm exams occur. This timing may indicate that some full-time college students start non-medically using prescription stimulants in the belief that it might benefit their academic performance. It should be noted that non-medical use of stimulants has not been proven to improve academic performance and can pose serious medical risks.
“These findings show that college students are vulnerable to substance use at any time – not just when they are away at school,” said SAMHSA Acting Administrator Kana Enomoto. “That means that parents, college counselors, faculty members, staff, mentors, and other concerned people must take every opportunity to talk with college students about the risks of substance use and where they can turn to for help.”
SAMHSA has developed “The Sound of Your Voice,” a brief video to encourage parents and other concerned adults to talk with their college-bound young adults about alcohol use, which can be found at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IXOVzTpjDrA&feature=youtu.be(link is external). There is also a companion guide about how to develop effective conversations with college-aged youth about the risks of underage drinking and alcohol-related disorders: https://samhsa.gov/.
